Our “wrist action” shaker, shaking samples for VarroaVarroa shaken off the bees are countedHeather, our UMD lab manager, processing a Varroa sample and preparing Nosema subsampleNosema spores inside a bee do not shake off, so further preparation is requiredWe count Nosema spores under a microscope using a hemocytometerBrood bump samples ensure Tropilaelaps are not detected within the United States